Tips for Backtracking:
- Permutation problems. Problem 46, Problem 47. Problem 60, Problem 526, Problem 996.
- Combination problems. Problem 39, Problem 40, Problem 77, Problem 216.
- Hybrid permutation and combination problems. Problem 1079.
- Ultimate solution for N-Queens (binary solution). Problem 51, Problem 52.
- Sudoku problems. Problem 37.
- Four-directional search. Problem 79, Problem 212, Problem 980.
- Subset problems. Problem 78, Problem 90.
- Trie. Problem 208, Problem 211.
- BFS optimization. Problem 126, Problem 127.
- DFS template. (Just an example; not tied to any specific problem)
func combinationSum2(candidates []int, target int) [][]int {
if len(candidates) == 0 {
return [][]int{}
}
c, res := []int{}, [][]int{}
sort.Ints(candidates)
findcombinationSum2(candidates, target, 0, c, &res)
return res
}
func findcombinationSum2(nums []int, target, index int, c []int, res *[][]int) {
if target == 0 {
b := make([]int, len(c))
copy(b, c)
*res = append(*res, b)
return
}
for i := index; i < len(nums); i++ {
if i > index && nums[i] == nums[i-1] { // This is the key logic for deduplication
continue
}
if target >= nums[i] {
c = append(c, nums[i])
findcombinationSum2(nums, target-nums[i], i+1, c, res)
c = c[:len(c)-1]
}
}
}
- BFS template. (Just an example; it does not correspond to any specific problem)
func updateMatrix_BFS(matrix [][]int) [][]int {
res := make([][]int, len(matrix))
if len(matrix) == 0 || len(matrix[0]) == 0 {
return res
}
queue := make([][]int, 0)
for i, _ := range matrix {
res[i] = make([]int, len(matrix[0]))
for j, _ := range res[i] {
if matrix[i][j] == 0 {
res[i][j] = -1
queue = append(queue, []int{i, j})
}
}
}
level := 1
for len(queue) > 0 {
size := len(queue)
for size > 0 {
size -= 1
node := queue[0]
queue = queue[1:]
i, j := node[0], node[1]
for _, direction := range [][]int{{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}} {
x := i + direction[0]
y := j + direction[1]
if x < 0 || x >= len(matrix) || y < 0 || y >= len(matrix[0]) || res[x][y] < 0 || res[x][y] > 0 {
continue
}
res[x][y] = level
queue = append(queue, []int{x, y})
}
}
level++
}
for i, row := range res {
for j, cell := range row {
if cell == -1 {
res[i][j] = 0
}
}
}
return res
}
